Background and Aim: This paper seeks to explore the concepts of the information commons (IC). The paper provides a look at the models and characteristics of the IC. A number of projects of the IC are presented. We will discuss the situation of an existing traditional library. It makes recommendations for converting an existing library space into an IC. A number of Challenges of implementation of the IC are explored Methods: This is a conceptual paper, so a library study approach was chosen. Results: Academic Libraries have undergone considerable massive changes over the past decade. These changes have faced the directors of Libraries with difficulties and challenges in planning of the library activities. It seems that the emergence of the IC is adaptation to the changing role of the Academic Libraries. The IC is a relatively new concept in the Information and Knowledge Science. The IC is described as a portal through which students and faculty will access the vast amount of information resources in the world and less a place where information is kept, as focus shifts from ownership of information to access to and management of information and smart services. There are centralized access to services and technologies, contact with the users and collaborative learning play an important role. Conclusion. No one knows what will the Academic library of the future look like? Needless to say, it will be a constantly evolving information resource with knowledgeable and skilled staff that provides fast, flexible access to digital and print information resources, fosters scholarly research in a comfortable and supportive environment, and promotes cooperative learning. The IC is a first step in that direction.

The aim of this study is describing the current situation of Academic Libraries in Khomein and comparing it with the standards of Academic Libraries in Iran. In order to collect information, the questionnaire has been used and in some cases direct observation and interview has been used. Research results showed that the total number of 6 human force has been employed in the Libraries but just 4 are educated in library and information sciences. It is worth saying that the total number of library science expert required in comparison with the standards of Academic Libraries in Iran is 11. Total library space in the Libraries is 950 square meters of total space but the desirable space in comparison with the standards of Academic Libraries in Iran is 7007 square meters. Total number of information resources available in Libraries is 45, 939 volumes but the favorable total number of information resources in comparison with the standards of Academic Libraries in Iran is 150, 975 volumes.To sum up, the current status of Academic Libraries in khomein is very far from the standards of Academic Libraries in Iran, therefore the university administrators in Komein are expected to try hard to reduce the gap between the current and the desirable status in Academic Libraries in order to reach the ideal situation.

Purpose: One of the most valuable assets of any organization is its brand. It serves various purposes in representing the organization, its employees, and its products. Libraries, especially Academic Libraries, face numerous challenges in effectively representing their core values in the information age while competing with other information providers. Branding can help address these challenges. However, there is a lack of basic and applied research on branding and its internal and external requirements in Libraries. Therefore, examining how Academic Libraries can brand themselves and review their traditional brand is necessary. In a previous research, using the Grounded Theory method, a model has been developed that identifies a set of internal and external factors for building the brand of Academic Libraries. The objective of this study was to validate the branding model of Academic Libraries within the Ministry of Science, Research, and Technology (MSRT) and present the validated branding model.Methods: The research methodology of this study was quantitative using a survey method and data was collected through questionnaires. The participants in the study included managers, deputies, librarians from central Libraries, as well as faculty members from information science and knowledge studies departments in public universities affiliated with the MSRT. Since the collected data did not follow a normal distribution, a non-parametric binomial test was used to test the research hypotheses. Additionally, the validity of the research model was assessed using a second type of structural equation modeling called partial least squares (PLS), which involved two methods: measurement theory and structural theory.Findings: The factors that influence the development of university library brands can be categorized into two dimensions: internal and external to the university. Within the university, there are internal factors such as the architecture of the library building, the availability of information resources and services, the branding efforts of librarians, marketing activities, and library management. Additionally, external factors are influenced by the parent organization of the library and the higher education system. Outside of the Academic realm, non-Academic factors impact the brand development of university Libraries. Firstly, the level of scientific and behavioral education within the library information society is influenced by the role of other Libraries in educating the new generation and the different behavioral and information-seeking tendencies of the new information society. Secondly, the state of the overall information sphere in society is affected by the national economic situation and the state of digital publishing in the country. The success of brand building for Academic Libraries is also measured by brand imagery, brand superiority, and the loyalty of library users toward the brand.Conclusion: The main method used in establishing the brand of Academic Libraries is the identity approach. This means that the brand is closely linked to the library's identity. The brand image is also influenced by the users' experience of using the library, and the library and its staff play a central role in developing the brand and its equity. Additionally, there are indications of an economic approach (due to the significance of applying marketing strategies) and a consumer-based approach (due to the crucial role of stakeholders in brand development).

Aim: The aim of this research is to recognize the types and causes of vandalism in Academic Libraries of governmental universities in Tehran from their librarians’ viewpoint. Method: The research method is survey and statistical population involved of all employed librarians in Libraries of 10 governmental universities of Tehran. The viewpoints of 304 they by sampling method was simple random sampling and have been collected and surveyed through researcher-designed questionnaire. Findings: Vandalism in resources is greater than vandalism in buildings and equipment. On resources stealing, hiding and tearing of resources occur and this is common event for the books and magazines. On equipment and buildings most damage has been caused by writing on them, relocating poster, writing text on the wall and damage to equipment. Results: The causes of occurrence of vandalistic behavior can be divided into two groups: 1-The individual factors such as: inability to buy resources, frequent use of library resources and psychological problems. 2-Environmental factors such as: dissatisfaction of users from library services and the lack of multiple copies of resources. Originality: According to the studies, this research has been the first in the country to Survey vandalism in Academic Libraries of governmental universities in Tehran.

The aim of Paper is to analyze and evaluate the performance of management in Tehran Academic public Libraries based on the model of EFQM that tries to identify the weak points and strong points of the management, plan for the improvement of strong points and resolve the weak points to get to a more competent and desirable situation in the society so that they can be able to improve their services and satisfy the needs of their members and customers more than ever. The methodology used to conduct this research is a survey and to collect the data a 72 item questionnaire of European Foundation for Quality Management (EFQM) edition 2010 with some changes based on the sample of the study was distributed. The targeted sample comprised of all the middle line managers of central Libraries of Tehran State universities under the supervision of Ministry of Science and Technology (70 people) that are working as supervisors of different sections of the Libraries. The results of this study show us that the sum of the performance scores of state library management of Tehran city is 434. 17 (43. 42 percent) from the possible 1000 score EFQM which in Enabling section from 500 possible score 238. 37 score and in the Results section from the possible 500 scores, 195. 79 scores had been obtained. Overall this score shows a moderate performance of management in these Libraries. Among 9 criteria of Organizational Excellence “ processes and services” and “ leadership” respectively gained 52. 45 (52. 45 percent) and 49. 95 (49. 95 percent) of desired condition as the highest scores and the criteria “ the results of employees” and “ the results of the society” gained respectively 35. 94 (35. 94 percent of the desired condition) and 36. 91 (36. 91 percent of the desired condition) as the lowest scores among these factors. The variance analysis test also showed us that among different public Libraries of Tehran universities there is no significant difference with regard to implementing the Organizational Excellence model.

Internal evaluation or self-evaluation which, is held by professionals as one of the evaluation methods, is used in education and research centers. The aim of this kind of evaluation is to see the depth of a system's condition and attempt to improve the education and research units, internally. This paper, while presenting a short review of internal evaluation and external evaluation, presents research questions and analyses the output of research. The paper intends to present a method to help the planners and management of such centers to understand and improve the condition of university Libraries and information centers.

Objective: The purpose of the current research was to evaluate and measure the effects of foresight on development policy in university Libraries in Kermanshah using structural equation modeling.Methods: The research is applied in terms of purpose and causal in terms of descriptive nature. The statistical population includes librarians, faculty members, and managers of university Libraries in Kermanshah. The research population consisted of 110 people and the sample size using the Morgan table included 86 people. The stratified sampling method was random. The method of collecting field data and the measurement tool was a researcher-made questionnaire. The validity of questionnaire was confirmed by content validity, and its reliability was calculated using Cronbach's alpha equal to 0.77. The method of data analysis was descriptive statistics and linear regression and structural equation modeling. The software used in the research was SPSS26 and Smart PLS 3.3.Results: The findings of the research show that foresight on the dimensions of development policy includes participation with a 58 percent effect, facilitating implementation with a 32 percent effect, informing with a 38 percent effect, support with a 42 percent effect and reconfiguration with a 54 percent effect. It has an impact on the development policy in Academic Libraries. Furthermore, the role of the moderating variable of policy was confirmed with 21 percent between the relationship among foresight and development policy.Conclusions: According to the findings of the research, which indicates the impact of foresight on the policy dimensions of the development of university Libraries, it can be concluded that the foresight is an effective factor on the development policy and its dimensions with 23 percent impact.

Purpose: Given the importance of distance education, Academic Libraries must be prepared to support distance education services and use codified standards and criteria to evaluate their performance and improve their services. Therefore, the present study was conducted to investigate the degree of compliance with the standards for distance education services provided by university Libraries in Iran based on the standards of the Association of College and Research Libraries (ACRL).Methods: This study was a survey and applied in terms of purpose. The statistical population of this study was the managers of the Libraries of Iranian comprehensive universities listed in the ranking system of universities and research institutes in Iran (2021-2022). Using the Cochran formula and simple random sampling method, the sample size of the study was calculated to be 63 Libraries, of which 60 questionnaires (equivalent to 95% of the sample size) were collected after distributing the questionnaires (electronic and printed) and were used as the basis for calculation and analysis. Data collection was carried out using a researcher-made questionnaire based on the components mentioned in the distance education services standard of the Association of College and Research Libraries (ACRL) (organizational, library, and specific requirements). The validity of the research tool was also confirmed by the experts and its reliability was confirmed using Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Findings: The findings showed that the status of providing distance education services by Iranian university Libraries based on the standards of the Association of College and Research Libraries is at an average level in terms of organizational requirements. Also, according to library requirements, the service "periodic evaluation of the library's distance education services" is not complied with, and other services are also at an average level in this dimension. In the component of specific requirements, findings showed that the standards related to the sub-components of "financial responsibilities", "staff", "management", and "facilities and equipment" are at an average level, and the standards of the sub-components of "services", "resources", and "documentation" are complied with. In this regard, in the sub-component of facilities and equipment, only the standard of "the possibility of sending library resources by mail to international students" is not complied with in Iranian university Libraries, but standards of the documentation component are complied with in all cases in Iranian university Libraries.Conclusion: If university Libraries in Iran go to be successful in providing distance education services and take fundamental steps, they must, in addition to addressing the existing deficiencies, take action to develop a comprehensive plan for providing and upgrading the level of their distance education services. Following a standard in this path can act as a roadmap and provide a framework for these services to the managers of university Libraries in Iran. Also, Libraries should take necessary steps to prioritize distance education services in their programs and include attention to this type of service in the library's goals and missions.